Tuesday, September 21, 2010

subjects

• Drinks containing caffeine (tea, coffee, colas) and alcohol have a diuretic effect, which means they cause a loss of fluid from the body, causing dehydration and these can make constipation worse.
• Eating a healthy diet, drinking plenty of water and getting regular gentle exercise can all help maintain good bowel function.
Sodium picosulfate is used to treat constipation.

Sodium picosulfate works by encouraging the bowel to contract, which moves the waste products along the bowel, helping you to go to the toilet.

Saturday, May 1, 2010

:::ANTACIDS POSIBLY REDUCE THE ABSORPTION OF DIGOXIN* (NOTE IN INTERACTIONS)

Friday, April 23, 2010

CAREER GUIDE

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Career in Pharmaceutical Technology
By

Dr. Guru Prasad Mohanta

The Indian pharmaceutical companies continue expanding their base despite the slow down. The pharmaceutical industries in India seem to be more stable compared to other industries and they would continue with their impressive performance.

According to available figures the size of the Indian Pharmaceutical industries is poised to grow from Rs. 30,200 crore in 2007 to Rs. 33,500 crore in 2008 and further to Rs. 140, 000 crore in 2020. India is known as pharmacy of the whole world especially to third world countries. The country exports pharmaceuticals to more than 200 countries including USA, Russia, Germany, United Kingdom and Brazil. India is the leading supplier of AIDS drugs to the world. Pharmaceutical exports (valued in US dollar terms) registered an impressive growth rate at 30.7 % terms during April – October 2008 compared to corresponding period in the previous year. This growth further increases to 38.5 % when valued in rupees terms. Not withstanding the fears of a global recession, pharma exports are expected to grow by 25.2 % in 2008-2009. The Department of Pharmaceuticals estimated to have creation of 5 lakh new jobs within next four years involving investment of Rs. 5,000-10,000 crore through public – private partnership model.

Drug approvals given to Indian pharmaceutical firms were 30% of total generic approvals given by USA Drug Regulatory Authority (USFDA) in 2008 while the share was 26.5 % in 2007. The trend is likely to continue as Indian companied account for 35 % of all Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) approvals given by USFDA in first two months of 2009. ANDA is an application for a generic drug approval for an existing licensed medication or an approved drug. With over US dollar worth 47 billion drugs are expected to go off patent by 2011, promising further growth in generic medicine market.

Pharmaceutical industries usually employ pharmacy graduates and post graduates for most of the operations. The various activities include manufacturing, quality control (including quality assurance), and distribution (marketing). The expertise required to perform all these activities are usually the course programme of Pharmaceutical Sciences or Pharmaceutical Technology. Pharma being knowledge based industry; special skills are required for all these operations or activities. The available career opportunities for pharmacy graduates in pharmaceutical industries and government/private sector include:

As Manufacturing Chemist (called as competent technical staff): under whose active direction and personal supervision manufacturing of medicines takes place. The pharmaceutical production companies need such persons to obtain license for manufacturing. Graduates of pharmacy with 18 months of experience in manufacturing are treated as competent technical staff under Drugs and Cosmetics Act which regulates the Drug Industries. This job of looking after manufacturing of medicines is very interesting and responsible. There are scopes of promotion too to the highest position as works manager or factory manager.
In Quality Control/Quality Assurance: Quality Assurance is a total process for assuring the quality of pharmaceutical products as per standard specified in National or other approved pharmacopoeias. Quality Assurance is a component of Quality Assurance programme which deals with checking of representative samples of production to find out their compliance with standards. The graduates with aptitude in analysis of pharmaceuticals and handling of sophisticated instruments find the job interesting. There are promotional scopes too from Quality Control chemists to Quality Assurance Manager.
There are private and independent drug testing laboratories too. The graduate pharmacist can join these laboratories as analyst.

In Marketing: Pharmaceutical marketing is different from marketing of other consumer goods. Here, real consumer, the patient, has little or no choice. The marketing takes place through doctors and chemists. Thus the job is more challenging and requires special skill and training as they deal with highly qualified doctors in one hand and the professional business man (often called drug trader in common terminology). This is a never saturating professional area and jobs are available always. The sales personal are called as medical representatives or business executives. They can grow from medical representatives to general manager.
In regulatory affairs: The medicines are not only required to be effective but must be safe and of assured quality. In order to assure efficacy, safety and quality, the entire pharmaceutical scenario, from manufacturing to sale of medicines, is regulated by the central and state government through a process of licensing and inspecting. The pharmaceutical graduates can join the government services usually through public service commission as Drugs Inspectors. They have promotional scopes to grow up to the rank of Drugs Controller.
As Hospital Pharmacists: The pharmacists in hospitals do wide range of functions ranging from procurement of medicines to dispensing to the patients. In short they are responsible for medicine management in the hospitals. Though legally Diploma in Pharmacy qualification is sufficient for medicine dispensing, the degree pharmacists are preferred in procurement system in government sector and service sector in corporate hospitals. The promotional scope in this sector is limited.
As Community Pharmacist (working in Drug Store or Retail Pharmacy): Our medical systems are well developed and are on par with any developed country. But this community pharmacy sector is still in primitive stage. In western countries community pharmacists are well paid and many of pharmacists who have migrated to UK or USA work in community pharmacy. The scenario of community pharmacy now started changing in India too. Many chain stores are entering into the market. Diploma in Pharmacy qualified pharmacists. Like hospital pharmacy sector, the graduate pharmacists too started entering into the retail business as entrepreneur. Self owning pharmacy in a good location not only gives good revenues but also provides ample opportunities to provide professional pharmaceutical services to the consumers. A license from the state Drugs Control Authority is necessary start a retail pharmacy business.
As Government Analyst: The medicines that have been sampled either from manufacturing units or retail drug stores are tested in government drug testing laboratories. The graduate pharmacists can join these government laboratories as government analyst. But the graduate pharmacists do need to under go training on testing of drugs under a government analyst or in approved laboratories.
The above career opportunities belong to the traditional spheres of employment in pharmaceutical sectors. The pharmaceutical industries have changed over the years. New field of activities like clinical trials, contract research, new drug development, newer drug delivery systems etc. have emerged. The corresponding demands for higher qualifications like postgraduates in Pharmacy in different disciplines and doctorate degree have increased. Today pharmaceutical companies need highly expertise professionals who can face global challenge.



The Author is
Professor of Pharmacy
Annamalai University,
P. O. Annamalai Nagar – 608 002,
Tamil Nadu, India;
gpmohanta@hotmail.com

Tuesday, April 20, 2010

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Tuesday, March 23, 2010

DOSING: Pioglitazone is prescribed once daily in doses ranging from 15 to 45 mg.

Friday, March 19, 2010

Side Effects of Turmeric Supplements

Turmeric is generally used as a spice and has also been relied upon in Asian traditional medicine to treat various physical health maladies. Gastrointestinal issues, blood clots, high cholesterol, low energy, eye problems, viral infections, scabies and arthritis-related pain are some of the health issues that turmeric has been used to try to correct. According to Medline Plus, Turmeric has scientifically been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant characteristics. However, there are instances of side effects that have been reported in connection with turmeric that should be heeded.
Stomach Problems
High doses of turmeric have reportedly caused stomach upset, usually if taken over an excessive period of time. Those who have used it to help cure stomach ulcers have had heartburn, diarrhea and nausea on occasion. Alternatively, when turmeric is taken with drugs such as indomethacin or reserpine, it can actually cause ulcers. Turmeric can also cause gallbladder contraction and is not recommended for people with gallstones.
Blood Pressure and Sugar
Lowered blood pressure and additive effects for diabetes medications have been reported with the use of turmeric. Anyone using turmeric with diabetes or hypoglycemia or who are taking drugs or supplements that lower blood sugar should take caution and seek medical advice before using it.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
While turmeric as a spice is considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, it has reportedly stimulated menstrual flow and caused uterine spasms.
Heart Disease
Turmeric could lower LDL ("bad") cholesterol) and increase HDL ("good") cholesterol. As a result, it may increase cholesterol-lowering drug effects such as that of lovastatin (Mevacor) or atorvastatin (Lipitor). Therefore, cholesterol levels should be monitored regularly if turmeric is used.
Bleeding
Herbs and supplements that increase the risk of bleeding like ginkgo biloba, garlic and saw palmetto can be exacerbated by turmeric. Patients who are taking drugs or have bleeding disorders may need dosing adjustments. Because of this, turmeric should not be taken prior to surgery.
Liver
People using medications need to be aware that turmeric could interfere with how the body processes some drugs. Certain drug levels may increase in the blood, which can cause serious adverse reactions in the liver. Therefore, a doctor, pharmacist or healthcare professional should be consulted as to the possibility of adverse drug interactions when turmeric is used along with medicine.
Side Effects of Turmeric Supplements

Turmeric is generally used as a spice and has also been relied upon in Asian traditional medicine to treat various physical health maladies. Gastrointestinal issues, blood clots, high cholesterol, low energy, eye problems, viral infections, scabies and arthritis-related pain are some of the health issues that turmeric has been used to try to correct. According to Medline Plus, Turmeric has scientifically been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant characteristics. However, there are instances of side effects that have been reported in connection with turmeric that should be heeded.
Stomach Problems
High doses of turmeric have reportedly caused stomach upset, usually if taken over an excessive period of time. Those who have used it to help cure stomach ulcers have had heartburn, diarrhea and nausea on occasion. Alternatively, when turmeric is taken with drugs such as indomethacin or reserpine, it can actually cause ulcers. Turmeric can also cause gallbladder contraction and is not recommended for people with gallstones.
Blood Pressure and Sugar
Lowered blood pressure and additive effects for diabetes medications have been reported with the use of turmeric. Anyone using turmeric with diabetes or hypoglycemia or who are taking drugs or supplements that lower blood sugar should take caution and seek medical advice before using it.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
While turmeric as a spice is considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, it has reportedly stimulated menstrual flow and caused uterine spasms.
Heart Disease
Turmeric could lower LDL ("bad") cholesterol) and increase HDL ("good") cholesterol. As a result, it may increase cholesterol-lowering drug effects such as that of lovastatin (Mevacor) or atorvastatin (Lipitor). Therefore, cholesterol levels should be monitored regularly if turmeric is used.
Bleeding
Herbs and supplements that increase the risk of bleeding like ginkgo biloba, garlic and saw palmetto can be exacerbated by turmeric. Patients who are taking drugs or have bleeding disorders may need dosing adjustments. Because of this, turmeric should not be taken prior to surgery.
Liver
People using medications need to be aware that turmeric could interfere with how the body processes some drugs. Certain drug levels may increase in the blood, which can cause serious adverse reactions in the liver. Therefore, a doctor, pharmacist or healthcare professional should be consulted as to the possibility of adverse drug interactions when turmeric is used along with medicine.
lornoxicam side effects: dizziness, headache, stomach pain, upset stomach, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and indigestion.
lornoxicam side effects: dizziness, headache, stomach pain, upset stomach, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and indigestion.

Saturday, March 13, 2010


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136 Pharmacist Vacancies with the Indian Railways.
Last Date 13/4/10
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136 Pharmacist Vacancies with the Indian Railways.
Last Date 13/4/10
www.rrbchennai.net/downloads/c en_no_06_2010.pdf(09878207078)

Monday, March 1, 2010

Pioglitazone is an anti-diabetic drug (thiazolidinedione-type, also called "glitazones")

REVIEW OF PHARAMACY

REVIEW OF PHARMACY
(8th EDITION)
BOOK OF CHOICE FOR ...PHARMACISTS COMPITATIVE EXAMS...
R.R.B, P.S.C, GATE EXAM,
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Mob;09578207078
REVIEW OF PHARMACY
(8th EDITION)
BOOK OF CHOICE FOR ...PHARMACISTS COMPITATIVE EXAMS...
R.R.B, P.S.C, GATE EXAM,
B.pharm ENTRANCE EXAM...
ALL INTERVIEWS....
BOOK PRICE ONLY...400/-Rupees-postal charges extra...

if u need...pls write to more details to
thamarasseripradeep@gmail.com

HOPE MORE RESPONSE FROM U SIR....

WISH U ALL THE BEST.
Mob;09578207078